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Exhibits and collectors editions mark 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's First Folio_我的网站

A |     NEW YORK -- On the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's First Folio, rare originals are being displayed and publishers are offering collectors editions of Shakespeare's plays, including one that sells for $1,500.Scholars believe that between 200-300 copies still survive from the late 1623 release of “Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories & Tragedies." Presided over by two friends and former colleagues of Shakespeare, who had died in 1616, the Folio ensured that lasting texts existed for “Macbeth,” “Twelfth Night” and other cornerstones of Western literature. In Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his works were unpublished or available only in cheap paperback editions.“Without the First Folio we would have lost a world of words,” Gregory Doran, artistic director emeritus of the Royal Shakespeare Company, writes in the introduction to “The Complete Plays” of Shakespeare, a new publication.First folios have been on exhibit everywhere from the British Museum to the New York Public Library and at least two major book projects will mark the anniversary. The British Museum is collaborating with Rizzoli Books in New York on “Shakespeare’s First Folio: 400th Anniversary Facsimile Edition,” contained within a slipcase cover. With a list price of $150, the book is 928 pages and includes an introductory booklet co-written by Adrian Edwards, head curator of the British Library’s Printed Heritage Collections.The most ambitious, and exclusive project, is “The Complete Plays,” a limited edition from the Folio Society, an employee-owned company in London that puts out customized volumes ranging from "Beowulf" to George R.R. Martin's “A Song of Ice and Fire” series. The Society has printed just 1,000 copies of the 3-volume box set, with a list price of $1,500. Besides Doran's introduction, the Folio Society release includes a foreword by Dame Judi Dench. Each set is hand-numbered by illustrator Neil Packer.More than three-quarters of “The Complete Plays” have already sold, according to the publisher.“In an era when everything seems disposable, I feel like there's a good market for fine editions of classic books,” says Folio Society publishing director Tom Walker.The First Folio was daring, even audacious for its time, when such publications were “reserved for learned treatises, hefty genealogical texts, books of religious or historiographical importance, or even works by monarchs,” according to Shakespeare scholar Chris Laoutaris. Before Shakespeare the only playwright known to have been so honored was his contemporary Ben Jonson, who honored himself by overseeing “The Workes of Benjamin Jonson” in 1616. While the British Museum edition is relatively affordable, the Folio Society's production is closer to the intended market for the original release."Only those with deep pockets, and the space to read them, could afford such luxurious products," says Laoutaris, an associate professor at the Shakespeare Institute in the playwright's native Stratford-On-Avon and author of “Shakespeare’s Book: The Intertwined Lives Behind the Fist Folio,” which came out this year. “When it was released, the First Folio cost more to produce than any other collection of plays in history up until that point.”The Folio proved successful enough that an updated edition, the Second Folio, was published in 1632, a Third Folio in 1663 and a fourth in 1685. By the 19th century, the original Folio was becoming a valued piece of history, in part through the efforts of collectors Henry and Emily Folger, and a symbol of might for the British Empire. Sir George Grey, who had served as a colonial governor, established libraries worldwide that included copies of the First Folio.“For Grey, the First Folio represented the pinnacle of culture, but specifically English culture,” Laoutaris says. “He sought nothing less than the obliteration of the language and culture of the native populations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, nurturing a desire to replace these with the English language and its literary products." The United States is home to more than half of all existing copies of the First Folio, followed by the United Kingdom and Japan, with handfuls of editions also existing in Germany, France, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand among other countries. For antiquarians, the First Folio is the greatest of prizes: One sold for $9.9 million in 2020. For scholars and countless admirers, the Folio is secondary to the plays themselves."Shakespeare’s stature, for the past 400 years, is a reflection of his plays’ staying power on the stage far more than their survival in a collected works," says James Shapiro, a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and author of several books on Shakespeare.“You can buy a Ben Jonson folio for a few thousand dollars; a Shakespeare folio will cost you millions. The reason for this simple: the remarkable afterlife of his comedies, histories, and tragedies in theaters throughout the world.”。      北京8月12日电　题：在时代大河里为人民放歌——追忆郭兰英  记者徐壮、周玮、邓瑞璇  “一条大河波浪宽，风吹稻花香两岸……”  这段旋律，升华为几代中国人的集体记忆。郭兰英的歌声久久回响在人们的心头。  2026年8月11日17时14分，“人民艺术家”国家荣誉称号获得者、中国歌剧舞剧院一级演员、歌剧表演艺术家、民族声乐教育家郭兰英在广州逝世，享年97岁。  社交媒体上，有网友接力用歌声留言。《我的祖国》《南泥湾》《人说山西好风光》《一道道水来一道道山》……歌声里，是无尽的缅怀，更是对人民艺术家至高的礼敬。  郭兰英生于山西平遥，5岁开始学习山西梆子，14岁在张家口演出。  1946年，16岁的郭兰英看了歌剧《白毛女》，这唤醒了她朴素的革命觉悟。  “演戏就演这样的戏，当演员就演喜儿那样的角色！”郭兰英告别了旧戏班，在枪炮声中追赶刚从张家口撤走的华北联大文工团，立志成为一名文艺新战士。  郭兰英后来回忆：“到了文工团，我才逐渐认识到文艺的作用。

B | 演戏，是为人民歌唱、为人民服务。

C | 从那时起，无论是唱一首很短的歌，还是上台扭几步秧歌，我都全力以赴。”  新中国成立后，郭兰英作为中央实验歌剧院和中国歌剧舞剧院首席领衔主演，在中国民族歌剧的舞台上，塑造了众多光彩夺目的舞台艺术形象。  《白毛女》中的喜儿、《小二黑结婚》中的小芹、《刘胡兰》中的胡兰子、《窦娥冤》中的窦娥、《春雷》中的满妹子、《红霞》中的红霞姑娘……秉持着继承与创新的理念，郭兰英在歌唱方法、表演风格等方面，为中国民族歌剧艺术完整体系的建立作出了贡献。  1956年，由乔羽作词、刘炽作曲，为电影《上甘岭》而作的插曲《我的祖国》，在郭兰英的演绎中红遍大江南北。  “当时拿到这首歌，我一唱就特别喜欢。”郭兰英说，此后，唱过多少遍《我的祖国》，她早已记不清了。但每次唱起这首歌的时候，都忍不住热泪盈眶。

D |   词作家乔羽曾称赞郭兰英，“她走到哪里，哪里便成为音乐的节日”，“谁能适逢其会，谁就能在那样一种节日气氛之中体会到音乐和人民群众的生活具有一种多么深切的关系”。  “亲切的语言、新鲜有活力的表演形式，具有淳厚民风、民韵的风采，让观众听起来过瘾、够味。”中国音乐学院中国声乐艺术研究院特约研究员黄俊兰认为，民族的艺术形式美与演唱内容的统一，正是郭兰英的艺术为中国广大老百姓所欣赏、所喜欢、所陶醉、所珍爱的原因所在。　  1982年，郭兰英到中国音乐学院任教，1986年在广州番禺创办了郭兰英艺术学校，亲任校长，持续深耕民族文化传承事业。  中国音协副主席、中国音乐学院教授雷佳记忆犹新：2015年，中国歌剧舞剧院复排民族歌剧《白毛女》，当时已86岁高龄的郭兰英倾囊相授，手把手教她怎么演好喜儿。  “郭老师一上了舞台，就忘了自己的年龄，完全不遗余力。还记得演示‘喜儿哭爹’一段时，她扑通一声跪倒。这种极具震撼力的示范，深深地刻进了我们每个人心中，教育我们何为对艺术的敬畏，何谓‘戏比天大’。”雷佳感慨，“我们应当传承发扬郭老师为人民而歌的艺术初心，深扎民族艺术的沃土，永远讴歌人民的生活、人民的精神。”  2019年金秋，新中国成立70周年之际，郭兰英荣获“人民艺术家”国家荣誉称号。在人民大会堂金色大厅，习近平总书记为郭兰英颁授奖章。

E |   “郭兰英老师唱过的所有人们耳熟能详的歌，都充满对党和人民的深情，温暖激励着中华儿女。她是无数艺术家心目中崇德尚艺的榜样，是我们永远怀念的人民艺术家。”中国歌剧舞剧院党委书记、院长冯俐说。  “姑姑常说，文艺创作要始终秉承为人民服务的初心。”郭兰英侄女、郭兰英艺术发展基金会理事长郭世珍说，“她虽然离开我们了，但她的歌声不会远去，她的教诲不会被遗忘，她甜美的声音，将永远像一条大河奔流不息。”  怀着深深感念，8月12日下午，在广东文艺职业学院郭兰英艺术分院，一群师生再度唱起《我的祖国》。

F |   伴随着动人的旋律，人们追忆起郭兰英的心声：“让我们民族世世代代的文艺工作者都能青出于蓝，后继有人，这就是我最美好的归宿……”。

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